fix: make web updates survive container restart

.github/release-notes/v1.2.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+## 本次更新
+
+### 一键部署与运维
+
+- 新增统一管理菜单，支持一键安装、更新、修复、查看状态、重启服务、查看日志、配置 SSL、版本回滚和卸载。
+- 空白服务器进入安装流程，检测到已有安装时可直接更新或修复，减少重复操作。
+- 重新安装前自动完整备份旧安装目录，避免误覆盖现有配置和数据。
+- 更新前自动备份 SQLite 数据库，更新失败时支持回滚。
+- 完善交互式安装引导，可选择防火墙策略，并依次设置邮件服务器域名、管理员用户名、管理员密码以及 Nginx 和 SSL。
+- 管理员用户名默认使用 `admin`；管理员密码可回车自动生成 12 位随机密码，也可输入不少于 6 位的自定义密码。
+
+### 邮箱与账号体验
+
+- 修复管理员登录名 `admin` 被误显示为邮箱地址的问题。
+- 邮箱列表加载时显示“加载邮箱...”，账号尚未创建邮箱时显示“未创建邮箱”。
+- 统一空邮箱状态下的操作按钮为“前往邮箱管理”。
+- 管理员及具备邮箱管理权限的用户跳转至后台邮箱管理，普通用户跳转至个人中心的邮箱申请页面。
+
+### 自助申请邮箱
+
+- 在未创建邮箱页面明确标注开关位置：`后台管理 -> 系统设置 -> 邮件 -> 账号自助申请邮箱`。
+- 区分“未开启自助申请”和“未选择开放域名”两种状态，并给出对应处理提示。
+- 管理员可通过“前往设置”直接进入后台邮件设置页。
+- 普通用户无法自行申请时会提示联系管理员处理。
+- 修复通过链接进入系统设置时未自动切换到“邮件”设置标签的问题。
+- 补充简体中文、繁体中文和英文界面文案。
+
+### 兼容与验证
+
+- 更新和修复流程保留现有端口、反向代理、邮件数据、证书及数据库配置。
+- 已通过 ShellCheck、安装脚本测试、Go 后端测试和前端生产构建检查。
+
+**完整更新日志**：[v1.2.4...v1.2.5](https://github.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/compare/v1.2.4...v1.2.5)

.github/release-notes/v1.2.6.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+## 本次更新
+
+### 邮箱管理跳转
+
+- 账号尚未创建邮箱时，点击“前往邮箱管理”统一进入前端个人邮箱管理页。
+- 管理员和普通用户使用相同入口，可在前端创建、申请或查看自己的邮箱，不再误跳到后台邮箱列表。
+
+### 管理员密码恢复
+
+- 管理菜单新增“查看管理员登录信息”，可查看安装时或最近一次命令行重置后记录的管理员用户名和密码。
+- 新增“重置管理员统一登录密码”，支持回车自动生成 12 位密码，或输入不少于 6 位的自定义密码。
+- 重置前自动备份并校验 SQLite 数据库；只更新配置管理员账号，并同步该管理员名下邮箱的 SMTP/IMAP 密码，不影响普通用户及其邮箱。
+- 数据库中的密码使用 bcrypt 哈希，无法反向解密；若密码曾在网页中修改，命令行显示的旧记录可能已经失效，可直接使用重置功能设置新密码。
+
+### 一键安装与运维安全
+
+- 管理菜单扩展为安装、更新、修复、状态、重启、日志、SSL、回滚、邮箱指南、管理员密码恢复和卸载等完整操作。
+- 更新前创建完整回滚快照，包含数据库、镜像、Compose、环境配置、安装脚本、Nginx 和证书；更新失败或健康检查失败时自动恢复。
+- 修复“更新前先覆盖 Compose 和管理脚本”的风险，改为临时下载、语法与 Compose 校验通过后再原子替换。
+- 容器停止时也会离线备份数据库；备份为空或完整性检查失败时终止更新。
+- 重新安装会完整保存旧安装，安装失败时自动恢复原目录、Nginx 和旧容器。
+- 移除“开放全部端口”危险选项，不再清空服务器现有防火墙规则。
+- 卸载时可单独停止当前域名的证书自动续期，不影响 acme.sh 管理的其他域名。
+
+### 邮箱指南与快捷命令
+
+- 新增 `ns` 快捷命令，可随时打开服务器管理菜单。
+- 新增 `newszxcn-email guide`，动态显示前后台地址、管理员用户名、证书到期时间和自动续期状态。
+- 新增完整的 NewSzxcn 邮箱指南，覆盖域名 DNS、自助申请邮箱、未知收件、SSL 自动续期、更新、回滚与日常运维。
+
+### 兼容与验证
+
+- 本次更新不删除现有邮件、域名、账号、证书和配置。
+- 已通过 ShellCheck、安装脚本测试、Go API 测试、shadcn/ui 检查和前端生产构建。
+
+**完整更新日志**：[v1.2.5...v1.2.6](https://github.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/compare/v1.2.5...v1.2.6)

.github/release-notes/v1.2.7.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+## 本次更新
+
+### 修复网页更新出现 502
+
+- 修复后台点击“立即更新”后，Watchtower 在替换业务容器时切断原更新请求，导致页面错误显示 `502 Bad Gateway` 或“更新失败”的问题。
+- 更新接口现在会先完成数据库备份并向网页返回 `202 Accepted`，再异步触发容器更新，避免旧容器停止时丢失响应。
+- 前端遇到更新期间的 `502`、`503`、`504`、网络中断或请求超时时，会继续轮询服务健康状态；确认目标版本启动后自动刷新页面。
+- Watchtower 调用等待时间延长到 10 分钟，兼容首次拉取较大镜像或网络较慢的服务器。
+
+### 更新说明
+
+- 网页更新仍会在替换容器期间产生数秒正常中断，页面会显示“正在重启服务”，恢复后自动刷新。
+- 更新前仍会自动备份 SQLite 数据库，现有邮件、账号、域名、证书和配置不会删除。
+- 从 `v1.2.6` 更新到本版时，旧页面尚未包含此次容错逻辑，建议在服务器运行 `sudo newszxcn-email update` 完成这一次升级；进入 `v1.2.7` 后，后续版本可正常使用网页更新。
+
+### 验证
+
+- 新增异步更新回归测试：即使 Watchtower 更新请求保持阻塞，网页也必须先收到更新已受理响应。
+- 已通过 Go API 测试、前端生产构建和 shadcn/ui 检查。
+
+**完整更新日志**：[v1.2.6...v1.2.7](https://github.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/compare/v1.2.6...v1.2.7)

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -40,6 +40,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: Check installer
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y shellcheck sqlite3
+          bash -n install.sh tests/install_test.sh
+          shellcheck -x install.sh tests/install_test.sh
+          bash tests/install_test.sh
+
       - name: Setup pnpm
         uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
         with:

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -27,6 +27,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: Check installer
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y shellcheck sqlite3
+          bash -n install.sh tests/install_test.sh
+          shellcheck -x install.sh tests/install_test.sh
+          bash tests/install_test.sh
+
       - name: Setup pnpm
         uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
         with:
@@ -204,31 +212,35 @@ jobs:
           image_base="${image_base,,}"
           current_commit="$(git rev-list -n 1 "${tag}")"
           previous_tag="$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 "${current_commit}^" 2>/dev/null || true)"
-          generate_args=(-f "tag_name=${tag}")
+          version_notes=".github/release-notes/${tag}.md"
-          if [[ -n "${previous_tag}" ]]; then
-            generate_args+=(-f "previous_tag_name=${previous_tag}")
-          fi
 
-          if ! gh api -X POST "repos/${repo}/releases/generate-notes" "${generate_args[@]}" --jq '.body' > generated-release-notes.md; then
+          if [[ -f "${version_notes}" ]]; then
-            {
+            cp "${version_notes}" generated-release-notes.md
-              echo "GitHub 自动生成更新日志失败，已回退到提交列表。"
+          else
-              echo
+            generate_args=(-f "tag_name=${tag}")
-              if [[ -n "${previous_tag}" ]]; then
+            if [[ -n "${previous_tag}" ]]; then
-                git log --reverse --pretty=format:"- %s ([%h](${repo_url}/commit/%H))" "${previous_tag}..${tag}"
+              generate_args+=(-f "previous_tag_name=${previous_tag}")
+            fi
+
+            if ! gh api -X POST "repos/${repo}/releases/generate-notes" "${generate_args[@]}" --jq '.body' > generated-release-notes.md; then
+              {
+                echo "GitHub 自动生成更新日志失败，已回退到提交列表。"
                 echo
-                echo
+                if [[ -n "${previous_tag}" ]]; then
-                echo "完整更新日志: [${previous_tag}...${tag}](${repo_url}/compare/${previous_tag}...${tag})"
+                  git log --reverse --pretty=format:"- %s ([%h](${repo_url}/commit/%H))" "${previous_tag}..${tag}"
-              else
+                  echo
-                echo "- 首个公开版本。"
+                  echo
-                echo
+                  echo "完整更新日志: [${previous_tag}...${tag}](${repo_url}/compare/${previous_tag}...${tag})"
-                echo "当前提交: [${GITHUB_SHA:0:7}](${repo_url}/commit/${GITHUB_SHA})"
+                else
-              fi
+                  echo "- 首个公开版本。"
-            } > generated-release-notes.md
+                  echo
+                  echo "当前提交: [${GITHUB_SHA:0:7}](${repo_url}/commit/${GITHUB_SHA})"
+                fi
+              } > generated-release-notes.md
+            fi
           fi
 
           cat > release-notes.md <<EOF
-          # NewSzxcn Email ${tag}
-
           自建邮箱 Webmail 全栈方案，包含 Web、API、Postfix、Dovecot、Rspamd 等组件。
 
           ## 注意

README.en.md

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/main/install.
 
 The installer configures `/opt/newszxcn-email`, starts the Docker services, and waits for the health check. DNS records and provider port restrictions must still be configured by the operator.
 
+During first installation it prompts for the firewall policy, mail hostname, administrator username/password, and Web mode. Automatic mode configures host Nginx and obtains a Let's Encrypt certificate with the official `acme.sh` client. The default username is `admin`; an empty password generates 12 characters, while a custom password requires at least 6 characters.
+
 ## Update
 
 System administrators can click the version badge in the admin sidebar to review and install a GitHub release. The updater is only reachable on the internal Docker network.
@@ -39,10 +41,12 @@ Useful commands:
 ```bash
 sudo newszxcn-email status
 sudo newszxcn-email logs
+sudo newszxcn-email restart
+sudo newszxcn-email certificate
 sudo newszxcn-email uninstall
 ```
 
-The uninstall command preserves configuration, messages, and the database under `/opt/newszxcn-email`.
+The uninstall command removes the containers and generated Nginx configuration while preserving certificates, configuration, messages, and the database under `/opt/newszxcn-email`.
 
 ## Required ports
 

README.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ NewSzxcn-Email 是一个可自建、可管理、带完整 Webmail 与管理后
 [![CI](https://github.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email)](LICENSE)
 
-[版本发布](https://github.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/releases) · [部署文档](deploy/README.md) · [English](README.en.md)
+[邮箱指南](docs/GUIDE.md) · [版本发布](https://github.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/releases) · [部署文档](deploy/README.md) · [English](README.en.md)
 
 ## 主要功能
 
@@ -29,10 +29,24 @@ NewSzxcn-Email 是一个可自建、可管理、带完整 Webmail 与管理后
 curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/main/install.sh | sudo bash
 ```
 
+已使用 `root` 登录时，也可以使用：
+
+```bash
+bash <(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/main/install.sh)
+```
+
+脚本会先显示统一管理菜单。空白服务器默认选择安装，并进入防火墙、邮件域名、管理员
+账号和 Web 部署方式的引导；检测到已有安装时默认选择安全更新。选择重新安装会先将
+`/opt/newszxcn-email` 完整改名备份，失败时自动恢复原目录、Nginx 和旧容器。更新前会
+校验数据库备份并保存镜像、Compose、环境、安装脚本和 Nginx，失败时执行完整恢复。
+
 脚本会自动完成：
 
 - 安装或检查 Docker Engine 与 Docker Compose v2
-- 询问邮件域名、访问地址、管理员用户名和密码
+- 选择自动添加邮局必要端口规则，或保留现有防火墙由用户自行配置
+- 询问邮件域名、管理员用户名和密码；默认用户名为 `admin`，回车自动生成 12 位密码，自定义密码最少 6 位
+- 选择自动 Nginx + SSL、宝塔/已有 Nginx 反代或 HTTP 测试模式
+- 自动模式使用官方 `acme.sh` 签发和续期证书，不会强制停止占用 80 端口的进程
 - 创建 `/opt/newszxcn-email` 持久化目录
 - 拉取 GHCR 镜像并启动邮件服务
 - 生成后台在线更新所需的内部鉴权令牌
@@ -48,6 +62,8 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/main/install.
 
 超级管理员可点击后台侧栏中的版本号，查看当前版本、最新版本与更新日志。点击“立即更新”后，系统会先在线备份 SQLite 数据库，再拉取新镜像并重启；页面会等待服务恢复后自动刷新。
 
+更新期间容器会短暂重启。接口会先向页面确认更新已受理，再异步替换容器；页面遇到临时 `502/503/504` 或网络中断时会继续检查服务状态，不会立即误报更新失败。
+
 更新服务只在 Docker 内部网络开放，不映射公网端口。普通用户和普通后台权限组无法执行系统更新。
 
 ### 命令行更新
@@ -56,21 +72,31 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/main/install.
 sudo newszxcn-email update
 ```
 
-命令行更新会保留当前镜像、备份数据库并执行健康检查。需要回滚时运行：
+命令行更新会创建完整回滚快照、校验数据库备份并执行健康检查。需要恢复上次更新前的镜像、数据库和配置时运行：
 
 ```bash
 sudo newszxcn-email rollback
 ```
 
+手动回滚会先要求确认，并额外备份当前数据库，再恢复更新前版本。回滚后的镜像会保持锁定，直到下一次明确执行更新。
+
 常用运维命令：
 
 ```bash
+sudo ns
+sudo newszxcn-email guide
+sudo newszxcn-email credentials
+sudo newszxcn-email reset-password
 sudo newszxcn-email status
 sudo newszxcn-email logs
+sudo newszxcn-email restart
+sudo newszxcn-email certificate
 sudo newszxcn-email uninstall
 ```
 
-`uninstall` 只移除容器，不删除 `/opt/newszxcn-email` 中的配置、数据库与邮件。
+`credentials` 显示安装或最近一次命令行重置时记录的管理员登录信息。数据库中的密码采用 bcrypt 哈希，无法反向查看；如果管理员后来在网页修改过密码，记录值可能已经失效。`reset-password` 只重置配置管理员的统一登录密码，并同步该管理员名下邮箱的 SMTP/IMAP 密码，不会修改普通用户或其邮箱。重置前会先备份并校验数据库。
+
+`uninstall` 会移除容器和自动生成的 Nginx 配置，但不删除 `/opt/newszxcn-email` 中的配置、证书、数据库与邮件。卸载时可以单独停止当前域名的 acme.sh 自动续期，不会影响 acme.sh 管理的其他域名。
 
 ## DNS 与端口
 
@@ -104,10 +130,11 @@ sudo newszxcn-email uninstall
 |-- docker-compose.yml   # 邮箱主服务与内部更新服务
 |-- data/                # SQLite、附件和更新前备份
 |-- mail/                # Maildir 邮件原文
-`-- dkim/                # DKIM 私钥
+|-- dkim/                # DKIM 私钥
+`-- certs/               # Web、SMTP、IMAP、POP3 共用的 TLS 证书
 ```
 
-升级和重建容器不会删除这些目录。备份时应同时保存 `data`、`mail`、`dkim` 与 `.env`。
+升级和重建容器不会删除这些目录。备份时应同时保存 `data`、`mail`、`dkim`、`certs` 与 `.env`。
 
 ## 手动部署
 

README.zh-CN.md

@@ -24,10 +24,19 @@ NewSzxcn-Email 是一个可自建、可管理、带完整 Webmail 与管理后
 curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/main/install.sh | sudo bash
 ```
 
+已使用 `root` 登录时，也可以使用：
+
+```bash
+bash <(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/main/install.sh)
+```
+
 脚本会自动完成：
 
 - 安装或检查 Docker Engine 与 Docker Compose v2
-- 询问邮件域名、访问地址、管理员邮箱和密码
+- 首先选择仅开放必要端口、保留现有防火墙或开放全部端口
+- 询问邮件域名、管理员用户名和密码；默认用户名为 `admin`，回车自动生成 12 位密码，自定义密码最少 6 位
+- 选择自动 Nginx + SSL、宝塔/已有 Nginx 反代或 HTTP 测试模式
+- 自动模式使用官方 `acme.sh` 签发和续期证书，不会强制停止占用 80 端口的进程
 - 创建 `/opt/newszxcn-email` 持久化目录
 - 拉取 GHCR 镜像并启动邮件服务
 - 生成后台在线更新所需的内部鉴权令牌
@@ -62,10 +71,12 @@ sudo newszxcn-email rollback
 ```bash
 sudo newszxcn-email status
 sudo newszxcn-email logs
+sudo newszxcn-email restart
+sudo newszxcn-email certificate
 sudo newszxcn-email uninstall
 ```
 
-`uninstall` 只移除容器，不删除 `/opt/newszxcn-email` 中的配置、数据库与邮件。
+`uninstall` 会移除容器和自动生成的 Nginx 配置，但不删除 `/opt/newszxcn-email` 中的配置、证书、数据库与邮件。
 
 ## DNS 与端口
 
@@ -99,10 +110,11 @@ sudo newszxcn-email uninstall
 ├── docker-compose.yml   # 邮箱主服务与内部更新服务
 ├── data/                # SQLite、附件和更新前备份
 ├── mail/                # Maildir 邮件原文
-└── dkim/                # DKIM 私钥
+├── dkim/                # DKIM 私钥
+└── certs/               # Web、SMTP、IMAP、POP3 共用的 TLS 证书
 ```
 
-升级和重建容器不会删除这些目录。备份时应同时保存 `data`、`mail`、`dkim` 与 `.env`。
+升级和重建容器不会删除这些目录。备份时应同时保存 `data`、`mail`、`dkim`、`certs` 与 `.env`。
 
 ## 手动部署
 

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.2.1
+1.2.7

apps/api/internal/app/admin_handlers.go

@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ func (a *App) handleCreateUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if role == "admin" {
 		mailboxLimitOverride = nil
 	}
-	if len(req.Password) < 8 {
+	if !hasMinimumPasswordLength(req.Password) {
-		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 8 characters"))
+		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 6 characters"))
 		return
 	}
 	passwordHash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(req.Password), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
@@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ func (a *App) handleResetUserPassword(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		badRequest(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	if len(req.Password) < 8 {
+	if !hasMinimumPasswordLength(req.Password) {
-		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 8 characters"))
+		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 6 characters"))
 		return
 	}
 	hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(req.Password), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
@@ -562,8 +562,8 @@ func (a *App) handleCreateMailbox(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		badRequest(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	if len(req.Password) < 8 {
+	if !hasMinimumPasswordLength(req.Password) {
-		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 8 characters"))
+		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 6 characters"))
 		return
 	}
 	role := req.Role

apps/api/internal/app/auth_handlers.go

@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ func (a *App) handleRegister(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		badRequest(w, errors.New("邮箱地址无效"))
 		return
 	}
-	if len(req.Password) < 8 {
+	if !hasMinimumPasswordLength(req.Password) {
-		badRequest(w, errors.New("密码至少需要 8 个字符"))
+		badRequest(w, errors.New("密码至少需要 6 个字符"))
 		return
 	}
 	displayName := strings.TrimSpace(req.DisplayName)
@@ -245,8 +245,8 @@ func (a *App) handleChangePassword(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		badRequest(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	if len(req.NewPassword) < 8 {
+	if !hasMinimumPasswordLength(req.NewPassword) {
-		badRequest(w, errors.New("新密码至少需要 8 个字符"))
+		badRequest(w, errors.New("新密码至少需要 6 个字符"))
 		return
 	}
 	row := a.db.QueryRowContext(r.Context(), `SELECT password_hash FROM users WHERE id=?`, user.ID)

apps/api/internal/app/open_api_handlers.go

@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ func (a *App) handleOpenAPICreateMailbox(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 		badRequest(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	if len(req.Password) < 8 {
+	if !hasMinimumPasswordLength(req.Password) {
-		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 8 characters"))
+		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 6 characters"))
 		return
 	}
 	domain, err := a.domainByID(r.Context(), req.DomainID)
@@ -371,8 +371,8 @@ func (a *App) handleOpenAPIResetMailboxPassword(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.R
 		badRequest(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	if len(req.Password) < 8 {
+	if !hasMinimumPasswordLength(req.Password) {
-		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 8 characters"))
+		badRequest(w, errors.New("password must be at least 6 characters"))
 		return
 	}
 	var userID string

apps/api/internal/app/password_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package app
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestHasMinimumPasswordLength(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		password string
+		want     bool
+	}{
+		{name: "five ASCII characters", password: "abc12", want: false},
+		{name: "six ASCII characters", password: "abc123", want: true},
+		{name: "six Unicode characters", password: "密码测试六位", want: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := hasMinimumPasswordLength(tt.password); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("hasMinimumPasswordLength(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.password, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

apps/api/internal/app/system_update_handlers.go

@@ -81,12 +81,6 @@ func (a *App) handleSystemUpdate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		respondError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to back up database")
 		return
 	}
-	if err := a.triggerUpdateService(r.Context()); err != nil {
-		a.log.Error("trigger system update", "error", err)
-		respondError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "failed to start update")
-		return
-	}
-
 	a.log.Info("system update requested", "user", user.ID, "from", info.CurrentVersion, "to", info.LatestVersion, "backup", backupPath)
 	respondJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, map[string]any{
 		"ok":             true,
@@ -94,6 +88,7 @@ func (a *App) handleSystemUpdate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		"targetVersion":  info.LatestVersion,
 		"message":        "更新已启动，服务会在完成后自动恢复",
 	})
+	a.scheduleUpdateService(info.CurrentVersion, info.LatestVersion)
 }
 
 func (a *App) systemVersion(ctx context.Context) (systemVersionInfo, error) {
@@ -175,7 +170,7 @@ func (a *App) triggerUpdateService(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+strings.TrimSpace(a.config().UpdateServiceToken))
 	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: 30 * time.Second,
+		Timeout: 10 * time.Minute,
 		CheckRedirect: func(*http.Request, []*http.Request) error {
 			return http.ErrUseLastResponse
 		},
@@ -192,6 +187,18 @@ func (a *App) triggerUpdateService(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (a *App) scheduleUpdateService(currentVersion, targetVersion string) {
+	go func() {
+		// Let the accepted response reach the browser before Watchtower replaces this container.
+		time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Minute)
+		defer cancel()
+		if err := a.triggerUpdateService(ctx); err != nil {
+			a.log.Error("run scheduled system update", "error", err, "from", currentVersion, "to", targetVersion)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
 func (a *App) backupDatabaseBeforeUpdate(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
 	backupDir := filepath.Join(a.config().DataDir, "backups")
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(backupDir, 0o700); err != nil {

apps/api/internal/app/system_update_handlers_test.go

@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 )
 
 func TestSystemVersionAndUpdate(t *testing.T) {
@@ -22,6 +24,11 @@ func TestSystemVersionAndUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	defer releaseServer.Close()
 
 	var updateRequests atomic.Int32
+	updateStarted := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	releaseUpdate := make(chan struct{})
+	var releaseUpdateOnce sync.Once
+	releaseBlockedUpdate := func() { releaseUpdateOnce.Do(func() { close(releaseUpdate) }) }
+	defer releaseBlockedUpdate()
 	updateServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
 			t.Errorf("update method = %s", r.Method)
@@ -30,6 +37,8 @@ func TestSystemVersionAndUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("authorization = %q", got)
 		}
 		updateRequests.Add(1)
+		updateStarted <- struct{}{}
+		<-releaseUpdate
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 	}))
 	defer updateServer.Close()
@@ -66,12 +75,44 @@ func TestSystemVersionAndUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected version response: %+v", version)
 	}
 
-	var update map[string]any
+	type updateResponse struct {
-	if code := admin.do("POST", "/api/admin/system/update", nil, &update); code != http.StatusAccepted {
+		code int
-		t.Fatalf("update code=%d response=%v", code, update)
+		err  error
 	}
-	if updateRequests.Load() != 1 {
+	response := make(chan updateResponse, 1)
-		t.Fatalf("update requests=%d", updateRequests.Load())
+	go func() {
+		req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, ts.URL+"/api/admin/system/update", nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			response <- updateResponse{err: err}
+			return
+		}
+		req.AddCookie(admin.cookie)
+		resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			response <- updateResponse{err: err}
+			return
+		}
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+		response <- updateResponse{code: resp.StatusCode}
+	}()
+	select {
+	case result := <-response:
+		if result.err != nil || result.code != http.StatusAccepted {
+			t.Fatalf("update response=%+v", result)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		releaseBlockedUpdate()
+		t.Fatal("update response waited for container replacement")
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-updateStarted:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("scheduled update request did not start")
+	}
+	releaseBlockedUpdate()
+	if got := updateRequests.Load(); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("update requests=%d", got)
 	}
 	backups, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dir, "backups", "pre-update-*.db"))
 	if err != nil || len(backups) != 1 {

apps/api/internal/app/util.go

@@ -14,12 +14,19 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday"
 )
 
 type HTMLPolicy struct{ policy *bluemonday.Policy }
 
+const minimumPasswordLength = 6
+
+func hasMinimumPasswordLength(password string) bool {
+	return utf8.RuneCountInString(password) >= minimumPasswordLength
+}
+
 func NewHTMLPolicy() *HTMLPolicy {
 	p := bluemonday.UGCPolicy()
 	p.AllowElements("html", "head", "body", "center", "font")

apps/web/src/components/system-version-dialog.tsx

@@ -27,7 +27,19 @@ export function SystemVersionDialog({ mode = "sidebar", className }: { mode?: "s
   const update = useMutation({
     mutationFn: async () => {
       setUpdatePhase("starting")
-      const result = await api.updateSystem()
+      const targetVersion = version.data?.latestVersion
+      let result: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof api.updateSystem>>
+      try {
+        result = await api.updateSystem()
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (!targetVersion || !isUpdateConnectionInterruption(error)) throw error
+        result = {
+          ok: true,
+          currentVersion,
+          targetVersion,
+          message: "更新请求已发送，正在等待服务恢复",
+        }
+      }
       setUpdatePhase("restarting")
       await waitForUpdatedService(result.targetVersion)
       return result
@@ -176,3 +188,8 @@ async function waitForUpdatedService(targetVersion: string) {
 function delay(ms: number) {
   return new Promise((resolve) => window.setTimeout(resolve, ms))
 }
+
+function isUpdateConnectionInterruption(error: unknown) {
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) return false
+  return /(?:502|503|504|网络请求失败|请求超时|failed to fetch|networkerror)/i.test(error.message)
+}

apps/web/src/lib/language.tsx

@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ const exactTranslations: Record<string, Translation> = {
   "暂无标签": { "zh-TW": "暫無標籤", en: "No labels" },
   "收起侧栏": { "zh-TW": "收合側欄", en: "Collapse sidebar" },
   "选择邮箱": { "zh-TW": "選擇信箱", en: "Select mailbox" },
+  "加载邮箱...": { "zh-TW": "載入信箱...", en: "Loading mailboxes..." },
+  "未创建邮箱": { "zh-TW": "尚未建立信箱", en: "No mailbox created" },
   "没有可用邮箱": { "zh-TW": "沒有可用信箱", en: "No mailboxes available" },
   "邮箱地址已复制": { "zh-TW": "信箱地址已複製", en: "Mailbox address copied" },
   "打开导航": { "zh-TW": "開啟導覽", en: "Open navigation" },
@@ -179,6 +181,12 @@ const exactTranslations: Record<string, Translation> = {
   "还没有可用邮箱": { "zh-TW": "還沒有可用信箱", en: "No mailbox available" },
   "请在个人中心申请邮箱，或联系管理员为当前账号分配邮箱。": { "zh-TW": "請在個人中心申請信箱，或聯絡管理員為目前帳號分配信箱。", en: "Apply for a mailbox in Profile, or contact an administrator to assign one to this account." },
   "前往个人中心": { "zh-TW": "前往個人中心", en: "Go to profile" },
+  "请前往邮箱管理，创建、申请或联系管理员分配邮箱。": { "zh-TW": "請前往信箱管理，建立、申請或聯絡管理員分配信箱。", en: "Open mailbox management to create, request, or ask an administrator to assign a mailbox." },
+  "前往邮箱管理": { "zh-TW": "前往信箱管理", en: "Go to mailbox management" },
+  "提示：尚未选择开放域名。请在“后台管理 → 系统设置 → 邮件”中至少勾选一个已启用域名。": { "zh-TW": "提示：尚未選擇開放網域。請在「後台管理 → 系統設定 → 郵件」中至少勾選一個已啟用網域。", en: "No domain is open for mailbox requests. Open Admin → System settings → Mail and select at least one active domain." },
+  "提示：账号自助申请邮箱未开启。请在“后台管理 → 系统设置 → 邮件”中开启，并勾选开放域名。": { "zh-TW": "提示：帳號自助申請信箱尚未開啟。請在「後台管理 → 系統設定 → 郵件」中開啟，並勾選開放網域。", en: "Mailbox self-service is disabled. Enable it under Admin → System settings → Mail, then select the available domains." },
+  "提示：当前账号暂不可创建新邮箱，请联系管理员开启账号自助申请邮箱。": { "zh-TW": "提示：目前帳號暫時無法建立新信箱，請聯絡管理員開啟帳號自助申請信箱。", en: "This account cannot create a mailbox. Ask an administrator to enable mailbox self-service." },
+  "前往设置": { "zh-TW": "前往設定", en: "Open settings" },
   "无邮箱前台权限": { "zh-TW": "無信箱前台權限", en: "No mailbox access" },
   "当前账号未开启邮箱前台访问权限。": { "zh-TW": "目前帳號未開啟信箱前台存取權限。", en: "Mailbox access is not enabled for this account." },
   "无邮件查看权限": { "zh-TW": "無郵件檢視權限", en: "No mail read permission" },

apps/web/src/pages/admin.tsx

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import { hasAnyPermission, hasPermission } from "@/lib/permissions"
 import type { PermissionKey } from "@/lib/api-types"
 
 type Section = "overview" | "users" | "permissionGroups" | "domains" | "mailboxes" | "aliases" | "messages" | "sendAudit" | "settings"
+type SettingsTab = "base" | "smtp" | "storage" | "mail" | "externalImap" | "templates" | "security" | "about"
 type PendingConfirm = { title: string; description?: string; confirmText: string; onConfirm: () => void }
 
 const sectionMeta: Record<Section, { label: string; frontLabel: string; description: string }> = {
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ export function AdminPage() {
         {section === "aliases" && <AliasesSection aliases={aliasItems} domains={domainItems} />}
         {section === "messages" && <AdminMessagesSection mailboxes={mailboxItems} systemAdmin={user?.role === "admin"} />}
         {section === "sendAudit" && <AdminSendAuditSection mailboxes={mailboxItems} />}
-        {section === "settings" && <SystemSettingsSection settings={settings.data} domains={domainItems} />}
+        {section === "settings" && <SystemSettingsSection settings={settings.data} domains={domainItems} initialTab={params.get("settingsTab")} />}
       </main>
     </ScrollArea>
   )
@@ -1018,7 +1019,7 @@ function AdminSendAuditSection({ mailboxes }: { mailboxes: MailboxType[] }) {
   )
 }
 
-function SystemSettingsSection({ settings, domains }: { settings?: SystemSettings; domains: Domain[] }) {
+function SystemSettingsSection({ settings, domains, initialTab }: { settings?: SystemSettings; domains: Domain[]; initialTab?: string | null }) {
   const me = useMe()
   const user = me.data?.user
   const qc = useQueryClient()
@@ -1030,7 +1031,8 @@ function SystemSettingsSection({ settings, domains }: { settings?: SystemSetting
   const canUpdateTemplates = hasPermission(user, "admin.templates.update")
   const canResetTemplates = hasPermission(user, "admin.templates.reset")
   const templates = useQuery({ queryKey: ["admin", "mail-templates"], queryFn: api.mailTemplates, enabled: canViewTemplates })
-  const [settingsTab, setSettingsTab] = React.useState<"base" | "smtp" | "storage" | "mail" | "externalImap" | "templates" | "security" | "about">("base")
+  const requestedTab = initialTab as SettingsTab | undefined
+  const [settingsTab, setSettingsTab] = React.useState<SettingsTab>(() => requestedTab && ["base", "smtp", "storage", "mail", "externalImap", "templates", "security", "about"].includes(requestedTab) ? requestedTab : "base")
   const maildirHealth = useQuery({ queryKey: ["admin", "maildir-sync", "health"], queryFn: api.maildirSyncHealth, enabled: canSettingsView && settingsTab === "storage" })
   const [smtpRequireTls, setSmtpRequireTls] = React.useState(false)
   const [allowInsecureHttp, setAllowInsecureHttp] = React.useState(true)
@@ -1858,7 +1860,7 @@ function CreateUserDialog({ permissionGroups }: { permissionGroups: PermissionGr
         <form className="space-y-4" onSubmit={(event) => { event.preventDefault(); create.mutate(new FormData(event.currentTarget)) }}>
           <Field name="loginName" label="登录名" type="text" autoComplete="off" placeholder="admin" />
           <Field name="displayName" label="显示名称" placeholder="账号名称" />
-          <Field name="password" label="初始密码" type="password" minLength={8} />
+          <Field name="password" label="初始密码" type="password" minLength={6} />
           <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3">
             <SelectField label="身份" value={role} onValueChange={(value) => setRole(value as "admin" | "user")} items={[["user", "普通用户"], ["admin", "管理员"]]} />
             <SelectField label="状态" value={status} onValueChange={setStatus} items={[["active", "正常"], ["disabled", "停用"]]} />
@@ -1928,7 +1930,7 @@ function EditUserDialog({ user, permissionGroups, open, onOpenChange }: { user:
 
 function ResetPasswordDialog({ user, open, onOpenChange }: { user: AdminUser; open: boolean; onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void }) {
   const { toast } = useToast(); const mut = useMutation({ mutationFn: (form: FormData) => api.resetUserPassword(user.id, String(form.get("password") || "")), onSuccess: () => { onOpenChange(false); toast({ title: "密码已重置" }) }, onError: (e) => toast({ title: "重置失败", description: e.message }) })
-  return <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}><DialogContent><DialogHeader><DialogTitle>重置密码</DialogTitle></DialogHeader><form className="space-y-4" onSubmit={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); mut.mutate(new FormData(e.currentTarget)); e.currentTarget.reset() }}><Field name="loginName" label="登录名" value={accountLoginName(user)} readOnly /><Field name="password" label="新密码" type="password" minLength={8} /><DialogFooter><Button disabled={mut.isPending}>{mut.isPending ? "重置中..." : "重置"}</Button></DialogFooter></form></DialogContent></Dialog>
+  return <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}><DialogContent><DialogHeader><DialogTitle>重置密码</DialogTitle></DialogHeader><form className="space-y-4" onSubmit={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); mut.mutate(new FormData(e.currentTarget)); e.currentTarget.reset() }}><Field name="loginName" label="登录名" value={accountLoginName(user)} readOnly /><Field name="password" label="新密码" type="password" minLength={6} /><DialogFooter><Button disabled={mut.isPending}>{mut.isPending ? "重置中..." : "重置"}</Button></DialogFooter></form></DialogContent></Dialog>
 }
 
 function EditMailboxDialog({ mailbox, users, open, onOpenChange }: { mailbox: MailboxType; users: AdminUser[]; open: boolean; onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void }) {
@@ -1948,7 +1950,7 @@ function CreateMailboxDialog({ domains, users }: { domains: Domain[]; users: Adm
   const qc = useQueryClient(); const { toast } = useToast(); const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false); const [domainId, setDomainId] = React.useState(""); const [role, setRole] = React.useState("user"); const [ownerMode, setOwnerMode] = React.useState("new"); const [userId, setUserId] = React.useState("")
   React.useEffect(() => { if (!domainId && domains[0]) setDomainId(domains[0].id); if (!userId && users[0]) setUserId(users[0].id) }, [domains, domainId, users, userId])
   const mut = useMutation({ mutationFn: (form: FormData) => api.createMailbox({ domainId, localPart: String(form.get("localPart")), displayName: String(form.get("displayName")), password: String(form.get("password")), quotaMb: Number(form.get("quotaMb") || 1024), role: role as "admin" | "user", ownerLoginName: String(form.get("ownerLoginName") || ""), userId: ownerMode === "existing" ? userId : "" }), onSuccess: () => { invalidateAdmin(qc); setOpen(false); toast({ title: "邮箱已创建" }) }, onError: (e) => toast({ title: "创建失败", description: e.message }) })
-  return <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}><DialogTrigger asChild><Button><Plus className="h-4 w-4" />邮箱</Button></DialogTrigger><DialogContent><DialogHeader><DialogTitle>创建邮箱</DialogTitle></DialogHeader><form className="space-y-4" onSubmit={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); mut.mutate(new FormData(e.currentTarget)) }}><DomainSelect domains={domains} value={domainId} onChange={setDomainId} /><div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3"><Field name="localPart" label="邮箱前缀" placeholder="alice" /><Field name="displayName" label="显示名" placeholder="Alice" /></div><SelectField label="归属方式" value={ownerMode} onValueChange={setOwnerMode} items={[['new','新建/按登录名匹配账号'],['existing','追加到已有账号']]} />{ownerMode === "existing" ? <SelectField label="已有账号" value={userId} onValueChange={setUserId} items={users.filter((u) => !u.disabled).map((u) => [u.id, accountLoginName(u)])} /> : <Field name="ownerLoginName" label="归属登录名" placeholder="留空则使用新邮箱地址" required={false} />}<div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3"><Field name="password" label="密码" type="password" placeholder="至少 8 位" /><Field name="quotaMb" label="配额 MB" type="number" defaultValue="1024" /></div><SelectField label="身份" value={role} onValueChange={setRole} items={[['user','普通用户'],['admin','管理员']]} /><DialogFooter><Button disabled={mut.isPending || !domainId}>创建</Button></DialogFooter></form></DialogContent></Dialog>
+  return <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}><DialogTrigger asChild><Button><Plus className="h-4 w-4" />邮箱</Button></DialogTrigger><DialogContent><DialogHeader><DialogTitle>创建邮箱</DialogTitle></DialogHeader><form className="space-y-4" onSubmit={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); mut.mutate(new FormData(e.currentTarget)) }}><DomainSelect domains={domains} value={domainId} onChange={setDomainId} /><div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3"><Field name="localPart" label="邮箱前缀" placeholder="alice" /><Field name="displayName" label="显示名" placeholder="Alice" /></div><SelectField label="归属方式" value={ownerMode} onValueChange={setOwnerMode} items={[['new','新建/按登录名匹配账号'],['existing','追加到已有账号']]} />{ownerMode === "existing" ? <SelectField label="已有账号" value={userId} onValueChange={setUserId} items={users.filter((u) => !u.disabled).map((u) => [u.id, accountLoginName(u)])} /> : <Field name="ownerLoginName" label="归属登录名" placeholder="留空则使用新邮箱地址" required={false} />}<div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3"><Field name="password" label="密码" type="password" placeholder="至少 6 位" /><Field name="quotaMb" label="配额 MB" type="number" defaultValue="1024" /></div><SelectField label="身份" value={role} onValueChange={setRole} items={[['user','普通用户'],['admin','管理员']]} /><DialogFooter><Button disabled={mut.isPending || !domainId}>创建</Button></DialogFooter></form></DialogContent></Dialog>
 }
 
 function CreateAliasDialog({ domains }: { domains: Domain[] }) {

apps/web/src/pages/mail.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import TextAlign from "@tiptap/extension-text-align"
 import Placeholder from "@tiptap/extension-placeholder"
 import { BackgroundColor, Color, FontFamily, FontSize, TextStyle } from "@tiptap/extension-text-style"
 import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom"
-import { AlignCenter, AlignLeft, AlignRight, Archive, ArrowLeft, Ban, Bold, Calendar, Check, ChevronDown, Clock3, Code2, Copy, Download, Ellipsis, Eraser, Eye, FileText, Folder, Forward, Highlighter, History, Image, Inbox, IndentDecrease, IndentIncrease, Italic, Link, List, ListOrdered, Mail, MailCheck, MailQuestion, Moon, PanelLeftOpen, Paperclip, PencilLine, Plus, Quote, Redo2, RefreshCcw, Reply, RotateCcw, Search, Send, Settings, ShieldCheck, Signature, SlidersHorizontal, Smile, Star, Strikethrough, Sun, Trash2, Type, Underline, Undo2, Upload, X } from "lucide-react"
+import { AlignCenter, AlignLeft, AlignRight, Archive, ArrowLeft, Ban, Bold, Calendar, Check, ChevronDown, Clock3, Code2, Copy, Download, Ellipsis, Eraser, Eye, FileText, Folder, Forward, Highlighter, History, Image, Inbox, IndentDecrease, IndentIncrease, Italic, Link, List, ListOrdered, Mail, Mailbox as MailboxIcon, MailCheck, MailQuestion, Moon, PanelLeftOpen, Paperclip, PencilLine, Plus, Quote, Redo2, RefreshCcw, Reply, RotateCcw, Search, Send, Settings, ShieldCheck, Signature, SlidersHorizontal, Smile, Star, Strikethrough, Sun, Trash2, Type, Underline, Undo2, Upload, X } from "lucide-react"
 import { api, ExternalImapAccount, ListResponse, Mailbox, MailFolder, MailLabel, MailMessage, MailSearchParams, SendPayload, DraftPayload, ScheduledSend, SendQueueItem, SendQueueAuditEvent, SendQueueStatus, PermissionLimits } from "@/lib/api"
 import { cn, decodeMimeHeader, formatBytes, formatDate, formatDateTime, generateLabelColor } from "@/lib/utils"
 import { applyTheme, getInitialTheme } from "@/lib/theme"
@@ -1186,9 +1186,9 @@ export function MailPage() {
           <MailboxSwitcher
             collapsed={sidebarCollapsed}
             mailboxes={mailboxList.data?.items || []}
+            loading={mailboxList.isLoading}
             selectedMailboxId={selectedMailboxId}
             selectedMailbox={selectedMailbox}
-            fallbackAddress={selectedMailbox?.address || me.data?.user.email || ""}
             unreadCount={mailboxUnreadCount}
             onSelect={switchMailbox}
           />
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ export function MailPage() {
   ) : !canReadMail ? (
     <PermissionEmptyState title="无邮件查看权限" description="当前账号可以访问邮箱前台，但未开启邮件查看权限。" onOpenSettings={openSettings} />
   ) : !mailboxList.isLoading && !hasMailboxes && mailView !== "unknown" ? (
-    <NoMailboxState onOpenSettings={openSettings} />
+    <NoMailboxState onManageMailboxes={() => navigate("/profile?tab=mailboxes")} />
   ) : mailView === "scheduled" && canScheduleMail ? (
     <ScheduledSendView
       compact={compactMailLayout}
@@ -2061,7 +2061,7 @@ function externalAccountSubtitle(account: ExternalImapAccount) {
   return [name, account.host, mode].filter(Boolean).join(" · ")
 }
 
-function NoMailboxState({ onOpenSettings }: { onOpenSettings: () => void }) {
+function NoMailboxState({ onManageMailboxes }: { onManageMailboxes: () => void }) {
   return (
     <div className="grid min-h-0 flex-1 place-items-center p-6">
       <div className="w-full max-w-md rounded-lg border border-dashed p-8 text-center">
@@ -2069,9 +2069,9 @@ function NoMailboxState({ onOpenSettings }: { onOpenSettings: () => void }) {
           <Mail className="h-5 w-5 text-muted-foreground" />
         </div>
         <div className="text-lg font-semibold">还没有可用邮箱</div>
-        <div className="mt-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">请在个人中心申请邮箱，或联系管理员为当前账号分配邮箱。</div>
+        <div className="mt-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">请前往邮箱管理，创建、申请或联系管理员分配邮箱。</div>
-        <Button className="mt-5" onClick={onOpenSettings}>
+        <Button className="mt-5" onClick={onManageMailboxes}>
-          <Settings className="h-4 w-4" />前往个人中心
+          <MailboxIcon className="h-4 w-4" />前往邮箱管理
         </Button>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -3215,10 +3215,11 @@ function UnreadBadge({ count, tone = "danger" }: { count?: number; tone?: "dange
   )
 }
 
-function MailboxSwitcher({ collapsed, mailboxes, selectedMailboxId, selectedMailbox, fallbackAddress, unreadCount, onSelect }: { collapsed: boolean; mailboxes: Mailbox[]; selectedMailboxId: string; selectedMailbox?: Mailbox; fallbackAddress?: string; unreadCount: number; onSelect: (mailboxId: string) => void }) {
+function MailboxSwitcher({ collapsed, mailboxes, loading, selectedMailboxId, selectedMailbox, unreadCount, onSelect }: { collapsed: boolean; mailboxes: Mailbox[]; loading: boolean; selectedMailboxId: string; selectedMailbox?: Mailbox; unreadCount: number; onSelect: (mailboxId: string) => void }) {
   const [mailboxQuery, setMailboxQuery] = React.useState("")
   const isAllSelected = selectedMailboxId === "all"
-  const displayAddress = isAllSelected ? "全部邮箱" : selectedMailbox?.address || fallbackAddress || "选择邮箱"
+  const mailboxUnavailable = loading || mailboxes.length === 0
+  const displayAddress = loading ? "加载邮箱..." : mailboxes.length === 0 ? "未创建邮箱" : isAllSelected ? "全部邮箱" : selectedMailbox?.address || "选择邮箱"
   const selectedUnreadCount = isAllSelected ? unreadCount : (selectedMailbox?.unreadCount ?? unreadCount)
   const normalizedQuery = mailboxQuery.trim().toLowerCase()
   const showAllMailboxOption = !normalizedQuery || "全部邮箱".includes(normalizedQuery) || "all".includes(normalizedQuery)
@@ -3232,13 +3233,13 @@ function MailboxSwitcher({ collapsed, mailboxes, selectedMailboxId, selectedMail
   return (
     <DropdownMenu onOpenChange={(open) => { if (!open) setMailboxQuery("") }}>
       <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
-        <Button variant="outline" className={cn("h-8 min-w-0 flex-1 justify-start gap-1.5 overflow-hidden rounded-md border-input bg-background px-2 text-left font-normal shadow-none hover:bg-background", collapsed && "w-8 flex-none justify-center px-0")} title={displayAddress}>
+        <Button disabled={mailboxUnavailable} variant="outline" className={cn("h-8 min-w-0 flex-1 justify-start gap-1.5 overflow-hidden rounded-md border-input bg-background px-2 text-left font-normal shadow-none hover:bg-background", collapsed && "w-8 flex-none justify-center px-0")} title={displayAddress}>
           <Mail className="h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0 text-muted-foreground" />
           {!collapsed && (
             <>
               <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-[13px] font-medium">{displayAddress}</span>
               <UnreadBadge count={selectedUnreadCount} />
-              <ChevronDown className="h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0 text-muted-foreground" />
+              {!mailboxUnavailable && <ChevronDown className="h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0 text-muted-foreground" />}
             </>
           )}
         </Button>

apps/web/src/pages/profile.tsx

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ export function ProfilePage() {
   const canManageBlocked = hasPermission(user, "mail.blocked_senders.manage")
   const canViewStats = hasPermission(user, "mail.stats.view")
   const canApplyMailbox = hasPermission(user, "mail.mailboxes.apply")
+  const canConfigureMailboxApply = hasPermission(user, "admin.settings.update")
   const visibleTabKeys = tabKeys.filter((key) => {
     if (key === "profile") return true
     if (key === "mailboxes") return canAccessMail || canApplyMailbox
@@ -453,6 +454,7 @@ export function ProfilePage() {
         mailboxes={canAccessMail ? mailboxes.data?.items || [] : []}
         applyOptions={mailboxApplyOptions.data}
         applyPending={applyMailbox.isPending}
+        canConfigureApply={canConfigureMailboxApply}
         selectedMailboxId={mailboxId}
         externalImapEnabled={externalImapEnabled}
         externalAccounts={externalImapAccounts.data?.items || []}
@@ -464,6 +466,7 @@ export function ProfilePage() {
         onSelect={setMailboxId}
         onOpen={(id) => { if (!canAccessMail) return; setMailboxId(id); navigate("/") }}
         onApply={(payload) => applyMailbox.mutateAsync(payload).then(() => undefined)}
+        onConfigureApply={() => navigate("/admin?section=settings&settingsTab=mail")}
         onCreateExternal={(payload) => createExternalImap.mutate(payload)}
         onStartExternalOAuth={(provider, payload) => startExternalOAuth.mutate({ provider, ...payload })}
         onUpdateExternal={(id, payload) => updateExternalImap.mutate({ id, payload })}
@@ -905,8 +908,8 @@ function SecuritySettingsSection({ user, password, passwordFormRef, twoFactorFor
       <SettingsCard title="密码管理">
         <form ref={passwordFormRef} className="space-y-4" onSubmit={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); password.mutate(new FormData(e.currentTarget)) }}>
           <Field label="当前密码"><PasswordInput name="currentPassword" required /></Field>
-          <Field label="新密码"><PasswordInput name="newPassword" minLength={8} required placeholder="输入新密码" /></Field>
+          <Field label="新密码"><PasswordInput name="newPassword" minLength={6} required placeholder="输入新密码" /></Field>
-          <Field label="确认新密码"><PasswordInput name="confirmPassword" minLength={8} required placeholder="再次输入密码" /></Field>
+          <Field label="确认新密码"><PasswordInput name="confirmPassword" minLength={6} required placeholder="再次输入密码" /></Field>
           <Button disabled={password.isPending}>{password.isPending ? "设置中..." : "设置密码"}</Button>
         </form>
       </SettingsCard>
@@ -1000,6 +1003,7 @@ function MailboxManagement({
   mailboxes,
   applyOptions,
   applyPending,
+  canConfigureApply,
   selectedMailboxId,
   externalImapEnabled,
   externalAccounts,
@@ -1011,6 +1015,7 @@ function MailboxManagement({
   onSelect,
   onOpen,
   onApply,
+  onConfigureApply,
   onCreateExternal,
   onStartExternalOAuth,
   onUpdateExternal,
@@ -1022,6 +1027,7 @@ function MailboxManagement({
   mailboxes: Mailbox[]
   applyOptions?: MailboxApplyOptions
   applyPending: boolean
+  canConfigureApply: boolean
   selectedMailboxId: string
   externalImapEnabled: boolean
   externalAccounts: ExternalImapAccount[]
@@ -1033,6 +1039,7 @@ function MailboxManagement({
   onSelect: (id: string) => void
   onOpen: (id: string) => void
   onApply: (payload: { domainId: string; localPart: string; displayName: string }) => Promise<void>
+  onConfigureApply: () => void
   onCreateExternal: (payload: ExternalImapAccountPayload) => void
   onStartExternalOAuth: (provider: ExternalImapOAuthProvider, payload: { mailboxId: string; email: string; storageMode: ExternalImapStorageMode }) => void
   onUpdateExternal: (id: string, payload: ExternalImapAccountPayload) => void
@@ -1208,9 +1215,16 @@ function MailboxManagement({
           </select>
           <Button className="h-[42px] px-0" disabled={!canApply || applyPending || !selectedDomain || !localPart.trim()}>{applyPending ? "创建中" : "创建"}</Button>
         </form>
-        <p className="mt-4 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+        <div className="mt-4 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-2 gap-y-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-          {canApply ? "提示：邮箱数量受账号配额限制，管理员可在后台为单个账号调整可创建数量。" : "提示：当前账号暂不可创建新邮箱。"}
+          <span>{canApply
-        </p>
+            ? "提示：邮箱数量受账号配额限制，管理员可在后台为单个账号调整可创建数量。"
+            : canConfigureApply && applyOptions?.enabled
+              ? "提示：尚未选择开放域名。请在“后台管理 → 系统设置 → 邮件”中至少勾选一个已启用域名。"
+              : canConfigureApply
+                ? "提示：账号自助申请邮箱未开启。请在“后台管理 → 系统设置 → 邮件”中开启，并勾选开放域名。"
+                : "提示：当前账号暂不可创建新邮箱，请联系管理员开启账号自助申请邮箱。"}</span>
+          {!canApply && canConfigureApply && <Button type="button" variant="link" className="h-auto p-0 text-sm" onClick={onConfigureApply}>前往设置</Button>}
+        </div>
       </section>
 
       <section className="rounded-lg border bg-card">

apps/web/src/pages/register.tsx

@@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ export function RegisterPage() {
               </div>
               <div className="space-y-2">
                 <Label htmlFor="password" className="text-sm font-medium">密码</Label>
-                <PasswordInput id="password" name="password" autoComplete="new-password" minLength={8} required className="h-11 text-base" />
+                <PasswordInput id="password" name="password" autoComplete="new-password" minLength={6} required className="h-11 text-base" />
               </div>
               <div className="space-y-2">
                 <Label htmlFor="confirmPassword" className="text-sm font-medium">确认密码</Label>
-                <PasswordInput id="confirmPassword" name="confirmPassword" autoComplete="new-password" minLength={8} required className="h-11 text-base" />
+                <PasswordInput id="confirmPassword" name="confirmPassword" autoComplete="new-password" minLength={6} required className="h-11 text-base" />
               </div>
               {turnstileRequired && <TurnstileBox siteKey={publicSettings.data?.turnstileSiteKey || ""} onToken={setTurnstileToken} />}
               <Button className="h-11 w-full text-base" disabled={register.isPending || publicSettings.isLoading}>

deploy/.env.example

@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@ LANQIN_RSPAMD_IMAGE=ghcr.io/zxyszx/newszxcn-email-rspamd:latest
 # 手动部署可执行：openssl rand -hex 24
 LANQIN_UPDATE_TOKEN=
 
-# 可选端口绑定。使用宿主机反向代理时，可将 HTTP 设为 127.0.0.1:8088。
+# 一键安装器记录的部署方式。手动部署时可以留空。
+LANQIN_INSTALL_FIREWALL_MODE=
+LANQIN_INSTALL_WEB_MODE=
+
+# 可选端口绑定。自动 Nginx 或宝塔反代模式使用 127.0.0.1:8088。
 LANQIN_HTTP_BIND=80
-LANQIN_HTTPS_BIND=443
 LANQIN_SMTP_BIND=25
 LANQIN_SMTPS_BIND=465
 LANQIN_SUBMISSION_BIND=587

deploy/README.md

@@ -15,10 +15,19 @@ sudo newszxcn-email update
 sudo newszxcn-email status
 sudo newszxcn-email logs
 sudo newszxcn-email rollback
+sudo newszxcn-email guide
+sudo newszxcn-email credentials
+sudo newszxcn-email reset-password
 ```
 
 一键安装会把配置和数据放在 `/opt/newszxcn-email`，并部署内部 Watchtower 更新服务。该服务不映射公网端口，仅接受带随机令牌的容器内请求；后台“立即更新”也只允许超级管理员执行。
 
+首次安装会依次询问防火墙模式、邮件服务器域名、管理员用户名/密码和 Web 部署方式。防火墙可以选择自动添加邮局必要端口规则或保留现有规则，不会清空服务器已有防火墙。自动 Web 模式会把容器绑定到 `127.0.0.1:8088`，配置宿主机 Nginx，并使用官方 `acme.sh` 申请和续期证书。自定义管理员密码最少 6 位，留空则生成 12 位密码。
+
+安装后输入 `ns` 可以打开统一管理菜单。更新前会创建包含数据库、镜像、Compose、环境、安装脚本和 Nginx 的回滚快照；更新或健康检查失败时会自动恢复。手动完整回滚前还会单独备份当前数据库，回滚镜像会保持锁定到下一次更新。
+
+菜单可查看安装或最近一次命令行重置时记录的管理员登录信息，也可单独重置配置管理员的统一登录密码。密码采用 bcrypt 哈希，无法从数据库反向解密；网页修改密码后，脚本中的记录可能已经失效。命令行重置前会备份并校验数据库，同时同步该管理员名下邮箱的 SMTP/IMAP 密码，不会修改普通用户或其邮箱。
+
 ## 最简单部署：单容器镜像版
 
 服务器上不需要源码构建，只要 `docker-compose.yml` 和 `.env` 即可。
@@ -158,10 +167,9 @@ Web 站点可以由宿主机 Nginx / 宝塔反代到容器 `80`，但 SMTP/IMAP/
 
 ```dotenv
 LANQIN_HTTP_BIND=127.0.0.1:8088
-LANQIN_HTTPS_BIND=127.0.0.1:8443
 ```
 
-宿主机 Nginx 再反向代理到 `http://127.0.0.1:8088`。不使用宿主机反向代理时保留默认的 `80` 与 `443` 即可。
+宿主机 Nginx 再反向代理到 `http://127.0.0.1:8088`。容器内 Web 服务只监听 HTTP，公网 HTTPS 由宿主机 Nginx 或宝塔终止。
 如果第三方客户端连接 `993/995` 时提示证书是 `localhost`，说明 Dovecot 仍在使用容器自带的测试证书。LanQin API 的 SMTP `465/587` submission 不会使用自签测试证书；启用前必须配置可读的真实证书。
 
 生产环境请把域名证书挂载进容器，并在 `.env` 指向证书文件：
@@ -182,7 +190,7 @@ services:
       - ./data:/data
       - ./mail:/var/mail/vhosts
       - ./dkim:/var/lib/rspamd/dkim
-      - /etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt:ro
+      - ./certs:/certs:ro
 ```
 
 证书域名必须覆盖 `LANQIN_PUBLIC_HOSTNAME`。更新后执行：

deploy/docker-compose.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ services:
       LANQIN_UPDATE_SERVICE_TOKEN: ${LANQIN_UPDATE_TOKEN:-}
     ports:
       - "${LANQIN_HTTP_BIND:-80}:80"
-      - "${LANQIN_HTTPS_BIND:-443}:443"
       - "${LANQIN_SMTP_BIND:-25}:25"
       - "${LANQIN_SMTPS_BIND:-465}:465"
       - "${LANQIN_SUBMISSION_BIND:-587}:587"
@@ -17,8 +16,7 @@ services:
       - ./data:/data
       - ./mail:/var/mail/vhosts
       - ./dkim:/var/lib/rspamd/dkim
-      # 生产环境如需第三方客户端校验证书，请取消下面挂载，并在 .env 配置：
+      - ./certs:/certs:ro
-      # - /etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt:ro
     labels:
       com.centurylinklabs.watchtower.enable: "true"
       com.centurylinklabs.watchtower.scope: "newszxcn-email"

docs/GUIDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# NewSzxcn 邮箱指南
+
+本指南介绍 NewSzxcn Email 的安装入口、首次配置、邮箱申请、无人收件、SSL 证书和日常更新。管理员密码等敏感信息不会保存在本文档中。
+
+## 一键安装
+
+建议使用 Debian 或 Ubuntu，并提前准备一个已经解析到服务器的邮件主机名，例如 `mail.example.com`。
+
+```bash
+bash <(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/main/install.sh)
+```
+
+安装脚本会依次询问防火墙配置、邮件服务器域名、管理员用户名和密码，以及 Web 部署方式。选择“自动配置 Nginx + SSL”时，脚本会安装 Nginx，并使用官方 `acme.sh` 申请 Let's Encrypt 证书。
+
+安装完成后，请记录终端中显示的访问地址、管理员用户名和初始密码。初始密码仅在安装时显示；如果以后在后台修改密码，请以新密码为准。
+
+## 登录入口
+
+假设安装时填写的邮件服务器域名为 `mail.example.com`：
+
+| 入口 | 地址 | 用途 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 邮箱前台 | `https://mail.example.com/` | 收发邮件、申请邮箱和账号设置 |
+| 管理后台 | `https://mail.example.com/admin` | 管理域名、账号、邮箱、DNS 和系统设置 |
+
+管理员账号是安装时填写的用户名，默认为 `admin`。管理员用户名不是邮箱地址。
+
+## 首次配置
+
+### 1. 添加邮件域名
+
+1. 登录 NewSzxcn Email 管理后台。
+2. 进入“域名管理”，点击“添加域名”。
+3. 填写需要收发邮件的域名并保存。
+4. 点击该域名右侧的“DNS”，查看系统生成的记录。
+5. 前往域名服务商的 DNS 管理页面，逐项添加 MX、SPF、DKIM 和 DMARC 记录。
+6. 返回管理后台，点击“检测”。
+7. 所有记录检测通过后，即可使用该域名创建邮箱。
+
+DNS 生效通常需要几分钟到数小时。系统只能检测记录，不能代替你修改域名服务商的 DNS。
+
+### 2. 开启账号自助申请邮箱
+
+1. 进入“管理后台 -> 系统设置 -> 邮件”。
+2. 开启“账号自助申请邮箱”。
+3. 在“开放域名”中勾选允许用户申请邮箱的域名。
+4. 保存设置。
+
+开启后，用户登录邮箱前台，进入“设置 -> 邮箱管理”，即可在账号配额范围内自行申请邮箱，无需管理员逐个分配。
+
+如果账号还没有邮箱，邮箱前台会显示“还没有可用邮箱”。此时应点击“前往邮箱管理”，进入个人中心申请邮箱。
+
+### 3. 开启无人收件
+
+1. 进入“管理后台 -> 系统设置 -> 邮件”。
+2. 开启“无人收件”并保存。
+
+开启后，对于系统中已经添加并启用的邮件域名，即使收件地址尚未注册，服务器仍会接收邮件。例如已经启用 `example.com` 后，发送到 `111@example.com` 的邮件也会被保留。
+
+无人收件不会自动创建邮箱，也不会把邮件分配给普通用户。只有管理员可以在邮箱前台左侧的“未知收件”中查看这些邮件。
+
+## SSL 证书与自动续期
+
+选择“自动配置 Nginx + SSL”后，官方 `acme.sh` 会安装定时检查任务。证书接近到期时会自动续期，续期成功后自动重载 NewSzxcn Email 和 Nginx。
+
+查看当前域名的证书和续期信息：
+
+```bash
+/root/.acme.sh/acme.sh --info --domain mail.example.com --ecc
+```
+
+查看证书实际到期时间：
+
+```bash
+openssl x509 -in /opt/newszxcn-email/certs/fullchain.pem -noout -enddate
+```
+
+手动申请、检查或重新安装证书：
+
+```bash
+sudo newszxcn-email certificate
+```
+
+证书续期计划由 `acme.sh` 和证书颁发机构动态决定，不应把预计续期日期写死在配置或文档中。
+
+## 更新与运维
+
+重新打开安装与运维菜单：
+
+```bash
+sudo ns
+```
+
+也可以执行 `sudo newszxcn-email menu`，或重新运行一键安装命令。
+
+常用命令：
+
+```bash
+sudo newszxcn-email update
+sudo newszxcn-email status
+sudo newszxcn-email restart
+sudo newszxcn-email logs
+sudo newszxcn-email certificate
+sudo newszxcn-email rollback
+sudo newszxcn-email guide
+sudo newszxcn-email credentials
+sudo newszxcn-email reset-password
+```
+
+命令行更新会创建完整回滚快照、校验 SQLite 数据库备份、拉取最新镜像并执行健康检查。`rollback` 命令会先备份当前数据库并要求确认，然后恢复上次更新前的镜像、数据库、Compose、环境、安装脚本和 Nginx 配置。回滚镜像会保持锁定，下一次执行更新时解除。
+
+`guide` 命令会读取当前安装地址、管理员用户名、证书到期时间和 acme.sh 续期状态，重新生成仅 root 可读的 `/root/newszxcn-email-guide.txt`。
+
+`credentials` 显示安装或最近一次命令行重置时记录的管理员登录信息。数据库只保存 bcrypt 密码哈希，无法反向查看真实密码；若管理员后来在网页修改过密码，记录值可能已经失效。忘记密码时执行 `reset-password`，脚本会先备份并校验数据库，然后重置配置管理员的统一登录密码，同时同步该管理员名下邮箱的 SMTP/IMAP 密码。该操作不会修改普通用户或其邮箱。
+
+超级管理员也可以点击管理后台侧栏中的版本号，在版本更新页面检查并安装新版本。
+
+## 必要端口
+
+请同时检查服务器防火墙和云服务商安全组：
+
+| 端口 | 用途 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `25/TCP` | 邮件服务器之间收发邮件 |
+| `80/TCP` | HTTP 跳转和证书签发验证 |
+| `443/TCP` | 邮箱前台和管理后台 |
+| `465/TCP` | SMTP SSL 发信 |
+| `587/TCP` | SMTP Submission 发信 |
+| `993/TCP` | IMAP SSL 收信 |
+| `995/TCP` | POP3 SSL 收信 |
+
+部分云服务商默认封锁出站 `25/TCP`。网页可以正常打开并不代表公网邮件一定能够成功投递。
+
+## 数据与备份
+
+默认数据目录为 `/opt/newszxcn-email`。重要数据包括：
+
+```text
+/opt/newszxcn-email/
+|-- .env
+|-- data/
+|-- mail/
+|-- dkim/
+`-- certs/
+```
+
+执行服务器快照或异地备份时，应同时保存这些目录。不要公开 `.env`、证书私钥、数据库备份或管理员登录信息。
+
+## 更多文档
+
+- [项目说明](../README.md)
+- [Docker 部署说明](../deploy/README.md)
+- [API 文档](API.md)
+- [版本发布](https://github.com/zxyszx/NewSzxcn-Email/releases)

tests/install_test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+
+ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+export LANQIN_SOURCE_ONLY=true
+# shellcheck source=install.sh
+source "${ROOT_DIR}/install.sh"
+
+fail_test() {
+  printf 'FAIL: %s\n' "$*" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+assert_eq() {
+  local want="$1" got="$2" label="$3"
+  [[ "${got}" == "${want}" ]] || fail_test "${label}: got '${got}', want '${want}'"
+}
+
+test_hostname_validation() {
+  valid_hostname "mail.example.com" || fail_test "valid hostname rejected"
+  valid_hostname "mx-1.example.co.uk" || fail_test "valid multi-label hostname rejected"
+  ! valid_hostname "mail_example.com" || fail_test "hostname with underscore accepted"
+  ! valid_hostname "localhost" || fail_test "single-label hostname accepted"
+  ! valid_hostname "-mail.example.com" || fail_test "hostname with leading hyphen accepted"
+}
+
+test_password_validation() {
+  LANQIN_ADMIN_PASSWORD="abc123"
+  assert_eq "abc123" "$(prompt_admin_password)" "six-character password"
+  if (LANQIN_ADMIN_PASSWORD="abc12" prompt_admin_password >/dev/null 2>&1); then
+    fail_test "five-character password accepted"
+  fi
+  if (LANQIN_ADMIN_PASSWORD="abc\$123" prompt_admin_password >/dev/null 2>&1); then
+    fail_test "unsafe env-file password accepted"
+  fi
+  if (LANQIN_ADMIN_PASSWORD="#abc123" prompt_admin_password >/dev/null 2>&1); then
+    fail_test "password beginning with an env-file comment marker accepted"
+  fi
+  LANQIN_RESET_PASSWORD="reset1"
+  assert_eq "reset1" "$(prompt_reset_password)" "six-character reset password"
+  if (LANQIN_RESET_PASSWORD="reset" prompt_reset_password >/dev/null 2>&1); then
+    fail_test "five-character reset password accepted"
+  fi
+}
+
+test_install_configuration() {
+  local firewall_mode="$1" web_mode="$2" want_bind="$3" want_url="$4" want_insecure="$5"
+  local temp_dir
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  cp "${ROOT_DIR}/deploy/.env.example" "${temp_dir}/.env.example"
+
+  export INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}"
+  export LANQIN_INSTALL_FIREWALL_MODE="${firewall_mode}"
+  export LANQIN_PUBLIC_HOSTNAME="mail.example.com"
+  export LANQIN_ADMIN_USERNAME="admin"
+  export LANQIN_ADMIN_PASSWORD="abc123"
+  export LANQIN_INSTALL_WEB_MODE="${web_mode}"
+  configure_first_install
+  configure_runtime_bindings
+
+  assert_eq "${firewall_mode}" "$(env_value LANQIN_INSTALL_FIREWALL_MODE)" "firewall mode"
+  assert_eq "${web_mode}" "$(env_value LANQIN_INSTALL_WEB_MODE)" "web mode"
+  assert_eq "${want_bind}" "$(env_value LANQIN_HTTP_BIND)" "HTTP bind"
+  assert_eq "${want_url}" "$(env_value LANQIN_PUBLIC_BASE_URL)" "public URL"
+  assert_eq "${want_insecure}" "$(env_value LANQIN_ALLOW_INSECURE_HTTP)" "insecure HTTP flag"
+  assert_eq "abc123" "$(env_value LANQIN_ADMIN_PASSWORD)" "administrator password"
+}
+
+test_nginx_configuration() {
+  local temp_dir old_path
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  old_path="${PATH}"
+  mkdir -p "${temp_dir}/bin" "${temp_dir}/install" "${temp_dir}/certs" "${temp_dir}/acme"
+  printf '#!/bin/sh\nexit 0\n' >"${temp_dir}/bin/nginx"
+  printf '#!/bin/sh\nexit 0\n' >"${temp_dir}/bin/systemctl"
+  chmod 0755 "${temp_dir}/bin/nginx" "${temp_dir}/bin/systemctl"
+  cp "${ROOT_DIR}/deploy/.env.example" "${temp_dir}/install/.env"
+
+  export PATH="${temp_dir}/bin:${PATH}"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  NGINX_CONFIG="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email.conf"
+  ACME_WEBROOT="${temp_dir}/acme"
+  CERT_DIR="${temp_dir}/certs"
+  set_env LANQIN_PUBLIC_HOSTNAME "mail.example.com"
+
+  write_nginx_http_config
+  grep -Fq 'proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8088;' "${NGINX_CONFIG}" || fail_test "HTTP proxy target missing"
+  grep -Fq 'root '"${ACME_WEBROOT}"';' "${NGINX_CONFIG}" || fail_test "ACME webroot missing"
+
+  write_nginx_https_config
+  grep -Fq 'listen 443 ssl http2;' "${NGINX_CONFIG}" || fail_test "HTTPS listener missing"
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+  grep -Fq 'return 301 https://$host$request_uri;' "${NGINX_CONFIG}" || fail_test "HTTPS redirect missing"
+  grep -Fq "ssl_certificate ${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem;" "${NGINX_CONFIG}" || fail_test "certificate path missing"
+  PATH="${old_path}"
+}
+
+test_compose_configuration() {
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+  grep -Fq '${LANQIN_HTTP_BIND:-80}:80' "${ROOT_DIR}/deploy/docker-compose.yml" || fail_test "HTTP port mapping missing"
+  ! grep -Fq 'LANQIN_HTTPS_BIND' "${ROOT_DIR}/deploy/docker-compose.yml" || fail_test "dead container HTTPS mapping remains"
+  grep -Fq './certs:/certs:ro' "${ROOT_DIR}/deploy/docker-compose.yml" || fail_test "certificate mount missing"
+}
+
+test_legacy_configuration_is_preserved() {
+  local temp_dir
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  cp "${ROOT_DIR}/deploy/.env.example" "${temp_dir}/.env"
+  export INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}"
+  set_env LANQIN_INSTALL_WEB_MODE ""
+  set_env LANQIN_HTTP_BIND "127.0.0.1:9090"
+  configure_first_install
+  configure_runtime_bindings
+  assert_eq "127.0.0.1:9090" "$(env_value LANQIN_HTTP_BIND)" "legacy HTTP bind"
+}
+
+test_menu_choice() {
+  export LANQIN_MENU_ACTION=0
+  assert_eq "0" "$(prompt_menu_choice 1)" "menu exit action"
+  export LANQIN_MENU_ACTION=1
+  assert_eq "1" "$(prompt_menu_choice 2)" "menu install action"
+  export LANQIN_MENU_ACTION=12
+  assert_eq "12" "$(prompt_menu_choice 1 12)" "menu uninstall action"
+  if (has_tty() { return 1; }; LANQIN_MENU_ACTION=13 prompt_menu_choice 1 12 >/dev/null 2>&1); then
+    fail_test "out-of-range menu action accepted"
+  fi
+  unset LANQIN_MENU_ACTION
+}
+
+test_admin_credentials() (
+  local temp_dir output
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}"
+  cat > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env" <<'EOF'
+LANQIN_PUBLIC_BASE_URL=https://mail.example.com
+LANQIN_ADMIN_USERNAME=admin
+LANQIN_ADMIN_PASSWORD=recorded-password
+EOF
+  output="$(do_show_admin_credentials 2>&1)"
+  [[ "${output}" == *'登录地址：https://mail.example.com'* ]] || fail_test "administrator login URL missing"
+  [[ "${output}" == *'管理员用户名：admin'* ]] || fail_test "administrator username missing"
+  [[ "${output}" == *'记录密码：recorded-password'* ]] || fail_test "recorded administrator password missing"
+  [[ "${output}" == *'无法从数据库反向查看'* ]] || fail_test "password hash warning missing"
+)
+
+test_admin_password_hash_parsing() (
+  compose() {
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+    printf '{BLF-CRYPT}$2y$10$123456789012345678901u1234567890123456789012345678901\n'
+  }
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+  assert_eq '$2y$10$123456789012345678901u1234567890123456789012345678901' "$(generate_admin_password_hash 'unused')" "Dovecot bcrypt hash parsing"
+)
+
+test_admin_password_reset_only_updates_admin_account() (
+  local temp_dir compose_calls backup_path
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  compose_calls="${temp_dir}/compose-calls"
+  mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/backups"
+  cat > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env" <<'EOF'
+LANQIN_ADMIN_USERNAME=admin
+LANQIN_ADMIN_PASSWORD=old-password
+EOF
+  printf 'database\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db"
+
+  ensure_docker() { return 0; }
+  current_image_id() { printf 'sha256:test-image\n'; }
+  backup_database() {
+    backup_path="$1"
+    printf 'backup\n' > "${backup_path}"
+  }
+  prompt_reset_password() { printf 'new-password'; }
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+  generate_admin_password_hash() { printf '$2y$10$123456789012345678901u1234567890123456789012345678901'; }
+  compose() {
+    printf '%s\n' "$*" >> "${compose_calls}"
+    if [[ "$*" == *'SELECT id FROM users'* ]]; then
+      printf 'admin-user-id\n'
+    elif [[ "$*" == *'UPDATE users SET password_hash'* ]]; then
+      printf 'user=1\nmailboxes=2\n'
+    fi
+  }
+
+  do_reset_admin_password >/dev/null
+  assert_eq "new-password" "$(env_value LANQIN_ADMIN_PASSWORD)" "recorded reset password"
+  [[ -s "${backup_path}" ]] || fail_test "password reset database backup missing"
+  grep -Fq "login_name='admin' AND role='admin'" "${compose_calls}" || fail_test "administrator lookup is not role restricted"
+  grep -Fq "UPDATE users SET password_hash=" "${compose_calls}" || fail_test "administrator user password was not updated"
+  grep -Fq "UPDATE mailboxes SET password_hash=" "${compose_calls}" || fail_test "administrator mailbox passwords were not synchronized"
+  grep -Fq "WHERE user_id='admin-user-id'" "${compose_calls}" || fail_test "mailbox password update is not restricted to the administrator"
+)
+
+test_offline_database_backup() (
+  local temp_dir destination
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/backups"
+  sqlite3 "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db" 'CREATE TABLE test_items (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT); INSERT INTO test_items(value) VALUES ("saved");'
+  compose() { return 0; }
+  destination="${INSTALL_DIR}/data/backups/offline.db"
+  backup_database "${destination}" "unused-image"
+  [[ -s "${destination}" ]] || fail_test "offline database backup missing"
+  assert_eq "saved" "$(sqlite3 "${destination}" 'SELECT value FROM test_items LIMIT 1;')" "offline database content"
+)
+
+test_guide_generation() (
+  local temp_dir
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  CERT_DIR="${INSTALL_DIR}/certs"
+  GUIDE_FILE="${temp_dir}/guide.txt"
+  mkdir -p "${CERT_DIR}"
+  cp "${ROOT_DIR}/deploy/.env.example" "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env"
+  set_env LANQIN_PUBLIC_HOSTNAME "mail.example.com"
+  set_env LANQIN_PUBLIC_BASE_URL "https://mail.example.com"
+  set_env LANQIN_ADMIN_USERNAME "admin"
+  generate_guide
+  grep -Fq '邮箱前台：https://mail.example.com' "${GUIDE_FILE}" || fail_test "guide frontend URL missing"
+  grep -Fq '管理后台：https://mail.example.com/admin' "${GUIDE_FILE}" || fail_test "guide admin URL missing"
+  grep -Fq '管理员密码：仅在安装完成时显示' "${GUIDE_FILE}" || fail_test "guide password safety text missing"
+  [[ "$(stat -c '%a' "${GUIDE_FILE}" 2>/dev/null || stat -f '%Lp' "${GUIDE_FILE}")" == "600" ]] || fail_test "guide permissions are not 600"
+)
+
+test_acme_cron_detection() (
+  crontab() {
+    printf '49 0,6,12,18 * * * "/root/.acme.sh"/acme.sh --cron --home "/root/.acme.sh" > /dev/null\n'
+  }
+  acme_cron_enabled || fail_test "quoted acme.sh Cron entry was not detected"
+)
+
+test_cli_alias_safety() (
+  local temp_dir
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  CLI_PATH="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email"
+  CLI_ALIAS_PATH="${temp_dir}/ns"
+  printf '#!/bin/sh\nexit 0\n' > "${CLI_PATH}"
+  chmod 0755 "${CLI_PATH}"
+  ensure_cli_alias
+  [[ -L "${CLI_ALIAS_PATH}" ]] || fail_test "ns alias was not created"
+  assert_eq "${CLI_PATH}" "$(readlink "${CLI_ALIAS_PATH}")" "ns alias target"
+  rm -f "${CLI_ALIAS_PATH}"
+  printf 'occupied\n' > "${CLI_ALIAS_PATH}"
+  ensure_cli_alias
+  grep -Fq 'occupied' "${CLI_ALIAS_PATH}" || fail_test "existing ns command was overwritten"
+)
+
+test_compose_runtime_image_pin() (
+  local temp_dir calls
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-runtime-image"
+  calls="${temp_dir}/docker-calls"
+  mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}"
+  printf 'services: {}\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml"
+  printf 'sha256:rollback-image\n' > "${RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN}"
+  docker() {
+    printf '%s|%s\n' "${LANQIN_IMAGE:-}" "$*" >> "${calls}"
+  }
+
+  compose ps
+  grep -Fq 'sha256:rollback-image|compose ' "${calls}" || fail_test "rollback image pin was not applied to Compose"
+  clear_runtime_image_pin
+  compose ps
+  [[ "$(tail -n 1 "${calls}" | cut -d '|' -f 1)" == "" ]] || fail_test "cleared image pin still affected Compose"
+)
+
+test_update_snapshot_restore() (
+  local temp_dir snapshot
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  CERT_DIR="${INSTALL_DIR}/certs"
+  NGINX_CONFIG="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email.conf"
+  CLI_PATH="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email-cli"
+  CLI_ALIAS_PATH="${temp_dir}/ns"
+  ROLLBACK_FILE="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-image"
+  ROLLBACK_POINTER="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-manifest"
+  RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-runtime-image"
+  mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/backups" "${CERT_DIR}"
+  printf 'old-compose\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml"
+  printf 'LANQIN_IMAGE=ghcr.io/example/mail:latest\nOLD_ENV=yes\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env"
+  printf 'old-example\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env.example"
+  printf '#!/bin/sh\necho old-installer\n' > "${CLI_PATH}"
+  chmod 0755 "${CLI_PATH}"
+  printf 'old-nginx\n' > "${NGINX_CONFIG}"
+  printf 'old-certificate\n' > "${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem"
+  sqlite3 "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db" 'CREATE TABLE test_items (value TEXT); INSERT INTO test_items VALUES ("before-update");'
+
+  current_image_id() { printf 'sha256:old-image\n'; }
+  docker() {
+    if [[ "$*" == *'org.opencontainers.image.version'* ]]; then
+      printf '1.2.4\n'
+    fi
+    return 0
+  }
+  compose() {
+    if [[ "${1:-}" == "up" ]]; then
+      grep -Fq 'sha256:old-image' "${RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN}" || fail_test "restore started without image pin"
+    fi
+    return 0
+  }
+  nginx() { return 0; }
+  systemctl() { return 0; }
+  wait_for_health() { return 0; }
+  ensure_cli_alias() { return 0; }
+
+  create_update_snapshot
+  snapshot="$(tr -d '\r\n' < "${ROLLBACK_POINTER}")"
+  [[ -s "${snapshot}/rollback-manifest.json" ]] || fail_test "rollback manifest missing"
+
+  printf 'new-compose\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml"
+  printf 'NEW_ENV=yes\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env"
+  printf 'new-example\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env.example"
+  printf '#!/bin/sh\necho new-installer\n' > "${CLI_PATH}"
+  printf 'new-nginx\n' > "${NGINX_CONFIG}"
+  printf 'new-certificate\n' > "${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem"
+  sqlite3 "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db" 'DELETE FROM test_items; INSERT INTO test_items VALUES ("after-update");'
+
+  restore_update_snapshot "${snapshot}"
+  grep -Fq 'old-compose' "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml" || fail_test "Compose file was not restored"
+  grep -Fq 'OLD_ENV=yes' "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env" || fail_test "environment file was not restored"
+  grep -Fq 'old-example' "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env.example" || fail_test "environment example was not restored"
+  grep -Fq 'old-installer' "${CLI_PATH}" || fail_test "installer was not restored"
+  grep -Fq 'old-nginx' "${NGINX_CONFIG}" || fail_test "Nginx configuration was not restored"
+  grep -Fq 'old-certificate' "${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem" || fail_test "certificate was not restored"
+  assert_eq "before-update" "$(sqlite3 "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db" 'SELECT value FROM test_items;')" "restored database content"
+  assert_eq "sha256:old-image" "$(tr -d '\r\n' < "${RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN}")" "restored runtime image pin"
+)
+
+test_snapshot_restores_absent_optional_files() (
+  local temp_dir snapshot
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  CERT_DIR="${INSTALL_DIR}/certs"
+  NGINX_CONFIG="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email.conf"
+  CLI_PATH="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email-cli"
+  CLI_ALIAS_PATH="${temp_dir}/ns"
+  ROLLBACK_FILE="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-image"
+  ROLLBACK_POINTER="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-manifest"
+  RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-runtime-image"
+  mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/backups"
+  printf 'services: {}\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml"
+  printf 'LANQIN_IMAGE=ghcr.io/example/mail:latest\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env"
+  sqlite3 "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db" 'CREATE TABLE test_items (value TEXT); INSERT INTO test_items VALUES ("saved");'
+
+  current_image_id() { printf 'sha256:old-image\n'; }
+  docker() { return 0; }
+  compose() { return 0; }
+  nginx() { return 0; }
+  systemctl() { return 0; }
+  wait_for_health() { return 0; }
+  ensure_cli_alias() { return 0; }
+
+  create_update_snapshot
+  snapshot="$(tr -d '\r\n' < "${ROLLBACK_POINTER}")"
+  [[ -f "${snapshot}/env-example.absent" ]] || fail_test "missing env example marker"
+  [[ -f "${snapshot}/installer.absent" ]] || fail_test "missing installer marker"
+  [[ -f "${snapshot}/nginx.absent" ]] || fail_test "missing Nginx marker"
+  [[ -f "${snapshot}/certs.absent" ]] || fail_test "missing certificate marker"
+
+  mkdir -p "${CERT_DIR}"
+  printf 'new-example\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env.example"
+  printf '#!/bin/sh\n' > "${CLI_PATH}"
+  printf 'new-nginx\n' > "${NGINX_CONFIG}"
+  printf 'new-certificate\n' > "${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem"
+  restore_update_snapshot "${snapshot}"
+  [[ ! -e "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env.example" ]] || fail_test "new env example survived rollback"
+  [[ ! -e "${CLI_PATH}" ]] || fail_test "new installer survived rollback"
+  [[ ! -e "${NGINX_CONFIG}" ]] || fail_test "new Nginx configuration survived rollback"
+  [[ ! -e "${CERT_DIR}" ]] || fail_test "new certificate directory survived rollback"
+)
+
+test_pre_start_restore_preserves_current_database() (
+  local temp_dir snapshot
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  CERT_DIR="${INSTALL_DIR}/certs"
+  NGINX_CONFIG="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email.conf"
+  CLI_PATH="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email-cli"
+  CLI_ALIAS_PATH="${temp_dir}/ns"
+  ROLLBACK_FILE="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-image"
+  ROLLBACK_POINTER="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-manifest"
+  RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-runtime-image"
+  mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/backups"
+  printf 'services: {}\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml"
+  printf 'LANQIN_IMAGE=ghcr.io/example/mail:latest\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env"
+  sqlite3 "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db" 'CREATE TABLE received_mail (subject TEXT); INSERT INTO received_mail VALUES ("before-snapshot");'
+
+  current_image_id() { printf 'sha256:old-image\n'; }
+  docker() { return 0; }
+  compose() { return 0; }
+  reload_nginx() { return 0; }
+  wait_for_health() { return 0; }
+  ensure_cli_alias() { return 0; }
+
+  create_update_snapshot
+  snapshot="$(tr -d '\r\n' < "${ROLLBACK_POINTER}")"
+  sqlite3 "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db" 'INSERT INTO received_mail VALUES ("received-during-pull");'
+  restore_update_snapshot "${snapshot}" false
+  assert_eq "2" "$(sqlite3 "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db" 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM received_mail;')" "database preserved before new container start"
+  assert_eq "received-during-pull" "$(sqlite3 "${INSTALL_DIR}/data/lanqin.db" 'SELECT subject FROM received_mail ORDER BY rowid DESC LIMIT 1;')" "mail received during pull"
+)
+
+test_failed_asset_validation_preserves_production() (
+  local temp_dir source_dir
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  source_dir="${temp_dir}/source"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/install"
+  CLI_PATH="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email-cli"
+  RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN="${INSTALL_DIR}/.rollback-runtime-image"
+  mkdir -p "${source_dir}/deploy" "${INSTALL_DIR}"
+  printf 'old-compose\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml"
+  printf 'OLD_ENV=yes\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env"
+  printf 'old-example\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env.example"
+  printf '#!/bin/sh\necho old-installer\n' > "${CLI_PATH}"
+  printf 'sha256:pinned-image\n' > "${RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN}"
+  printf 'invalid compose\n' > "${source_dir}/deploy/docker-compose.yml"
+  cp "${ROOT_DIR}/deploy/.env.example" "${source_dir}/deploy/.env.example"
+  cp "${ROOT_DIR}/install.sh" "${source_dir}/install.sh"
+
+  script_dir() { printf '%s\n' "${source_dir}"; }
+  docker() { return 1; }
+  if (stage_assets >/dev/null 2>&1); then
+    fail_test "invalid Compose file passed staging validation"
+  fi
+  grep -Fq 'old-compose' "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml" || fail_test "production Compose changed after failed validation"
+  grep -Fq 'old-example' "${INSTALL_DIR}/.env.example" || fail_test "production env example changed after failed validation"
+  grep -Fq 'old-installer' "${CLI_PATH}" || fail_test "production installer changed after failed validation"
+  grep -Fq 'sha256:pinned-image' "${RUNTIME_IMAGE_PIN}" || fail_test "runtime image pin changed after failed validation"
+)
+
+test_backup_reinstall_restores_on_failure() (
+  local temp_dir failed_dir
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email"
+  NGINX_CONFIG="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email.conf"
+  CLI_PATH="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email-cli"
+  CLI_ALIAS_PATH="${temp_dir}/ns"
+  mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}"
+  printf 'existing-data\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/marker"
+  printf 'services: {}\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml"
+  printf 'old-nginx\n' > "${NGINX_CONFIG}"
+  printf '#!/bin/sh\nexit 0\n' > "${CLI_PATH}"
+  chmod 0755 "${CLI_PATH}"
+
+  ensure_docker() { return 0; }
+  current_image_id() { printf 'sha256:old-image\n'; }
+  compose() { return 0; }
+  nginx() { return 0; }
+  systemctl() { return 0; }
+  wait_for_health() { return 0; }
+  ensure_cli_alias() { return 0; }
+  do_install() {
+    mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}"
+    printf 'failed-install\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/failed-marker"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  if (do_backup_reinstall); then
+    fail_test "failed reinstall unexpectedly succeeded"
+  fi
+  grep -Fq 'existing-data' "${INSTALL_DIR}/marker" || fail_test "old install directory was not restored"
+  grep -Fq 'old-nginx' "${NGINX_CONFIG}" || fail_test "old Nginx configuration was not restored"
+  failed_dir="$(find "${temp_dir}" -maxdepth 1 -type d -name 'newszxcn-email.failed-*' -print -quit)"
+  [[ -n "${failed_dir}" ]] || fail_test "failed reinstall directory was not preserved"
+)
+
+test_backup_reinstall_recovers_from_nginx_reload_failure() (
+  local temp_dir compose_calls reload_count_file
+  temp_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  INSTALL_DIR="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email"
+  NGINX_CONFIG="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email.conf"
+  CLI_PATH="${temp_dir}/newszxcn-email-cli"
+  CLI_ALIAS_PATH="${temp_dir}/ns"
+  compose_calls="${temp_dir}/compose-calls"
+  reload_count_file="${temp_dir}/reload-count"
+  mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}"
+  printf 'existing-data\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/marker"
+  printf 'services: {}\n' > "${INSTALL_DIR}/docker-compose.yml"
+  printf 'old-nginx\n' > "${NGINX_CONFIG}"
+  printf '0\n' > "${reload_count_file}"
+
+  ensure_docker() { return 0; }
+  current_image_id() { printf 'sha256:old-image\n'; }
+  compose() { printf '%s\n' "$*" >> "${compose_calls}"; return 0; }
+  reload_nginx() {
+    local count
+    count="$(cat "${reload_count_file}")"
+    printf '%s\n' "$((count + 1))" > "${reload_count_file}"
+    [[ "${count}" -gt 0 ]]
+  }
+  wait_for_health() { return 0; }
+  do_install() { fail_test "fresh install started after Nginx reload failure"; }
+
+  if (do_backup_reinstall >/dev/null 2>&1); then
+    fail_test "reinstall continued after Nginx reload failure"
+  fi
+  grep -Fq 'existing-data' "${INSTALL_DIR}/marker" || fail_test "old install changed after Nginx reload failure"
+  grep -Fq 'old-nginx' "${NGINX_CONFIG}" || fail_test "Nginx configuration was not restored after reload failure"
+  grep -Fq 'up -d --remove-orphans --force-recreate' "${compose_calls}" || fail_test "old containers were not restarted after Nginx reload failure"
+)
+
+test_hostname_validation
+test_password_validation
+test_install_configuration 1 1 "127.0.0.1:8088" "https://mail.example.com" "false"
+test_install_configuration 2 2 "127.0.0.1:8088" "https://mail.example.com" "false"
+test_nginx_configuration
+test_compose_configuration
+test_legacy_configuration_is_preserved
+test_menu_choice
+test_admin_credentials
+test_admin_password_hash_parsing
+test_admin_password_reset_only_updates_admin_account
+test_offline_database_backup
+test_guide_generation
+test_acme_cron_detection
+test_cli_alias_safety
+test_compose_runtime_image_pin
+test_update_snapshot_restore
+test_snapshot_restores_absent_optional_files
+test_pre_start_restore_preserves_current_database
+test_failed_asset_validation_preserves_production
+test_backup_reinstall_restores_on_failure
+test_backup_reinstall_recovers_from_nginx_reload_failure
+
+printf 'install.sh tests passed\n'